Allah’s Messenger said:
Islam is based on the following five (principles):
To testify La ilaha ill Allah wa anna Muhammad-ur-Rasul-Allah (none has the
right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah’s Messenger).
To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly (Iqamat-as-Salat,
i.e. Salah).
Says al-Khattabi, "Basically, one's prayer
does not suffice if he does not recite al-Fatihah. If one can recite neither
al-Fatihah nor other portions of the Qur'an, he should recite at least seven
verses of a similar meaning from the Qur'an. If he can not learn any part of
the Qur'an (due to some innate inability, poor memory, or because it's a
foreign language), he should say the tasbeeh (Subhaan Allah - Glory be to
Allah), the tamheed (al-Hamdu lillah - All praise is due to Allah), and
tahleel (La ilaha illal-lah - There is no God except Allah). It is related
that he said, "The best remembrance after the speech of Allah is Subhaan
Allah, al-Hamdu lillah, La ilaha illal-lah and Allahu akbar." This is
supported by Rafa'ah ibn Rafa', who narrated that the Prophet said, "If you
have something from the Qur'an, recite it. If not, then say the tamheed,
takbir and the tahleel and then bow." [This
hadith is related by Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and al-Baihaqi. The
former considers it as hassan]
To pay Zakat (a specific charity paid yearly for the benefit of poor
Muslims; 2.5% of wealth).
To believe in the ONENESS of Allah, swt. (i.e.
Tauhid-ar-Rububiyya,
Tauhid-al-Uluhiyya,
Tauhid-al-Asma was-Sifat).
Part of the belief in Allah is the belief in all that with which He has
described Himself in His Book or with which His Prophet (peace be upon him)
has described Him without any distortion, negation,
speculation (as to the exact nature of these attributes), nor analogy
(i.e. between Allah's attributes and those of His creation bearing the same
names)
Distortion
The Jahmiy (follower of the deviations of Al-Jahm ibn Safwan) negates
Allah's statement about himself that he "sat on the throne" by adding an
extra letter to the word in the Qur'an.
[Istawaa 'alaa al-'arsh] innovated to [Istawlaa 'alaa al-'arsh]
The innovators who changed the case of a noun in the Qur'an in an effort
to negate Allah's attribute of speech:
[Wa kallama Allahu Musa takleeman] innovated to [Wa kallama Allaha
Musa takleeman]
Others distorted meanings of Allah's attributes without actually
changing the words. Examples include those who said that Allah's anger (Ghadhab)
means His intention to punish, His mercy (Rahma) means his intention to
have mercy, His hand (Yad) is His generosity or His power, etc.
Negation/Denial (At Ta'teel)
Negation of the Exalted Perfection of Allah Most High via the negation
of His Names and Glorious Attributes.
Negation through negation of appropriate interaction with Allah and
neglect of worship of Him and obedience to Him, or the association of
others with Him in acts of worship and/or obedience.
Negation of the relationship of the creation to its Creator, such as the
negation of the philosophers who claimed that this physical universe has
no beginning, and that it has always and will always work according to
its own internal rules. They turn Allah into an essence with no
attributes - which is an impossibility.
Speculation and Analogy (At-Takyeef wa At-Tamtheel)
At-Takyeef means attempts to ascribe a detailed understanding of
the exact nature of the various attributes with which
Allah has described Himself. Just use the words and understanding given
in the Qur'an and not your own philosophies as to what Allah is.
At-Tamtheel means to make a direct comparison or analogy between
one of Allah's attributes and a human attribute having the same name,
such as the comparison of Isa (Jesus) by the Christians to Allah
Most High, or that of Uzair by the Jews or that of the idols by the
polytheists to Allah Most High. Likewise the Mushabbiha among the
Muslims who compare Allah with His creation by saying that He has a face
like our faces, hands like our hands,
hearing and sight like ours, etc.
Allah’s
angels
Angels are real beings, not illusions, a metaphysical force, or figments of
human imagination. They are created from light.
A Muslim must believe specifically in all the angels named and/or described
in the Qur'an and the Sunnah:.
Jibreel ("Gabriel"): in charge of delivering revelation.
Mika'il: in charge of bringing the rain.
Israfil: the blower of the horn on Qiyama (Judgement Day).
Malik-ul-Maut: the Angel of Death who takes people's souls at death.
The Noble Recorders: those who record people's actions.
The Protectors (Al-Mu'aqqibat): who keep people from death until its
decreed time.
Ridhwan: in charge of Paradise.
Malik: in charge of Hell.
Munkar and Nakir: the questioners in the grave.
The Carriers of the Throne.
Those who record the future of the fetus.
Those who enter the Haram: 70,000 every day.
Those who move about, descending upon gatherings at which Allah and His
Book are mentioned and studied.
Belief in the angels is an integral part of iman (faith).
[See 2/285 Al-Baqarah]
Kufr (disbelief) with respect to the angels is kufr (a state
of disbelief). [See 4/136 An-Nisaa]
Allah’s Messengers
Belief in the prophets, prayers and salutations of Allah be upon them.
Belief in the process of prophethood.
Allah in His wisdom did not neglect His
creation.
Prophets sent to guide us in this life and
the next.
Specific belief in the 25 prophets named in the Qur'an: (1) Adam, (2) Nuh,
(3) Idris, (4) Saleh, (5) Ibrahim, (6) Hud, (7) Lut, (8) Yunus, (9) Isma'il,
(10) Is-haq, (11) Ya'qub, (12) Yusuf, (13) Ayub, (14) Shu'aib, (15) Musa,
(16) Harun, (17) Alyas', (18) Dhu Al-Kifl, (19) Daud, (20) Zakariya, (21)
Sulaiman, (22) Ilyas, (23) Yahya, (24) Isa, and (25) Muhammad, prayers and
salutations of Allah be upon him and upon all the messengers of Allah.
General belief that there are many other prophets and messengers, but never
assuming anything without knowledge from Allah (i.e. Qur'an and Sunnah).
The subject matter of the prophethood.
Warnings and glad tidings.
So the disobedient will have no excuse
before Allah. (Prophets sent to every nation.)
Enjoining the worship of Allah and the
avoidance of At-Taghoot (Shaitaan, etc.) [Study:
4/165, An-Nisaa; 16/36, An-Nahl]
Attributes of the Prophet Muhammad:
Seal of the prophets; Imam of the pious;
Foremost among the sons of Adam; Imam and Khatib of the prophets when they
assembled; Possessor of the Praiseworthy Position which all of mankind
will wish they had attained (and which is mentioned in the Du'a of hearing
the adhan); Owner of the pool in paradise; Intercessor for all mankind on
the day of Qiyama (Judgement Day).
Allah sent him with the best of the books
and the best of His law. Allah made his nation "the best nation brought
forth for mankind." Allah gave him (and us) all of the good that was given
only partially to the previous nations. His nation is the last in
creation, the first in resurrection.
From the moment of his prophethood, Allah
made him the criterion (Al-Farooq) for distinguishing Allah's allies and
their actions from His enemies and their actions: None can have any
relationship to Allah except through belief in the Prophet (sas) and
following what he brought in public and in secret. Whoever claims love or
closeness to Allah while disobeying the message is actually drawing closer
to Shaitaan, farther from Allah.
Allah’s revealed Books
Muslims should have general belief in the phenomenon of the sending of the
revealed books. Keep in mind, all the revealed books were allowed by Allah
to be corrupted, except the Qur'an.
Six specific books mentioned in the Qur'an:
As-Suhuf of Ibrahim (Abraham) and Musa
(Moses).
Az-Zaboor given to Daud (David).
At-Taurat (The Torah) revealed to Musa.
Al-Injeel revealed to Isa (Jesus).
Al-Qur'an - the final revelation.
Attributes of the Qur'an:
Flawless and untampered with:
[See 41/42 Fusilat]
The final authority over any remnants of
the previous books. [See 5/48 Al-Maidah]
A guidance and a mercy.
[See 10/37 Yunus]
The Qur'an must be followed and applied.
[See 6/155 Al-An'aam]
The Day of Resurrection (Qiyama)
Belief in the resurrection (Al-Ba'th). Reconstruction of the body and return
of the soul to it. People will come forth out of their graves like locusts.
Faces bent down. Rushing to the Caller.
[See 53/76 Al-Qamar; 70/43 Al-Ma'arij; 17/49 Al-Israa; 36/78
Yasin; 20/108 Taha]
The resurrection is of the body and the soul, not some metaphysical
resurrection of the latter.
"The sun will come down toward the people on the day of Qiyama until it is
only about a mile up. The people will be in their own perspiration according
to their acts: some of them will be in it up to their ankles, some up to
their groin and others up to their chins, and he pointed to his mouth." [Hadith
- Narrated by Muslim]
A disbeliever once came to the Prophet (saws) with an old bone, crumbled it
with his hand and said: "O Muhammad, will Allah bring this back to life
after it has rotted?! The Prophet said: "Yes, Allah will resurrect this and
he will cause you to die, bring you back to life, and put you into the fire
of Jahannam!"
Al-Qadar (Divine Preordainments and Decree i.e. whatever Allah,
subhana watala, has ordained must come to pass).
A Muslim believes in Allah's predestination of all things and events (Qadhaa),
His decree (Qadar), His wisdom in His actions, and His will. Nothing in the
universe can occur, even the voluntary actions of His slaves, except after
Allah's knowledge, and His decree of that event. A Muslim further believes
that Allah is Just in His predestination and His decree, Wise in all of His
actions. His wisdom follows His will: Whatever He wills is, and whatever He
does not will is not. There is no power nor any movement except by Allah.
This is substantiated by the textual and logical proofs which follow:
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
Allah (glory and praise to Allah) informed us of this in the Qur'an:
Verily, We have created all things with Qadar
(Divine Preordainments of all things before their creation, as written
in the Book of Decrees Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz).[Qur'an 54/49]
And there is not a thing, but with Us are the
stores thereof. And We send it not down except in a known measure.[Qur'an 15/21]
No calamity befalls on the earth or in
yourselves but is inscribed in the Book of Decrees (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz),
before We bring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allâh.[Qur'an 57/22]
No calamity befalls, but with the Leave [i.e.
decision and Qadar (Divine Preordainments)] of Allâh, and whosoever
believes in Allâh, He guides his heart [to the true Faith with
certainty, i.e. what has befallen him was already written for him by
Allâh from the Qadar (Divine Preordainments)], and Allâh is the
All-Knower of everything.[Qur'an 64/11]
And with Him are the keys of the Ghaib (all
that is hidden), none knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is
in (or on) the earth and in the sea; not a leaf falls, but he knows it.
There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or
dry, but is written in a Clear Record.[Qur'an 6/59]
Evidence also in: Quran 9/51, 7/43,
21/101, 18/39, 81/27-29
The Prophet (saws) has informed us about the reality of Allah's
predestination and decree in many hadith:
"Verily, each one of you is formed in his
mother's womb forty days as a drop, then he is something suspended for a
similar period, then he is a piece of flesh like a chewed piece of meat
for another period of forty days, then the angel is sent to insert the
soul. This angel is ordered to record four things: the sustenance which
he will receive during his lifetime, the length of his life, all actions
that he will do, and whether he will end up miserable (in hell) or
joyous (in paradise). I swear by the One other than whom there is no
deity, one of you may do the works of the people of paradise right up
until there is only an arm's length between him and paradise, but his
destiny overtakes him, so he does the actions of the poeple of the fire
and enters it. And, verily, one of you may do the works of the people of
hell until there is nothing between them and hell except for one arm's
length, but his destiny overtakes him, and so he does the works of the
people of paradise, and enters it." [Muslim]
"Young man, I will teach you some words:
Preserve (your obligations toward) Allah and He will preserve you. Guard
(your obligations toward) Allah, and you will find Him on your side.
When you ask, ask Allah. When you seek aid and succour, seek it from
Allah. And know, that if the entire nation got together to benefit you
in some way, they could never benefit you at all except for that which
Allah had already decreed for you. And, if they all got together to harm
you in some way, they could do you no harm except for that which Allah
had already decreed for you. The pens have been lifted, and the tablets
have dried." [At-Tirmidhi,
and he rated it Sahih]
"The first thing which Allah created was
the pen. Then, He said to it: Write. It asked: My Lord, what should I
write? He said: Write the proportions of all things up until the Hour."
[Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, and it is hassan]
"Adam disputed with Musa. Musa said to
Adam: "O, Adam, you are the father of the human race, Allah created you
with His hand, and blew into you of His spirit, and made His angels
prostrate to you, why did you expel yourself and us from the garden?"
Adam said to him: "You are Musa whom Allah favored with His speech, and
wrote for you the Taurah with His hand, so (tell me) by how many years
before my creation did you find it written about me: [... then Adam
disobeyed his Lord and got lost.] (Qur'an 20:121)? Musa said: "By forty
years." Then, Adam said: "So how do you blame me for something which
Allah had decreed for me before my creation by forty years?" The Prophet
said: "And so, Adam defeated Musa in the dispute."
"Act, for each of you will find easy that
for which he was created." (Muslim)
"O, Abdullah ibn Qais, should I not teach
you a word which is one of the treasures of paradise? (It is to say):
There is no movement nor any power except from Allah."
"Someone said: That which Allah wants and
you want. To which the Prophet (saws) replied: That which Allah alone
wants."
[An-Nasaa'i, and he rated it sahih]
EVIDENCE OF REASON
Reason does not reject the idea of predestination and decree and of
Allah's wisdom and His will. Just the opposite, reason demands that this
is the case without doubt because of the clear evidences of it in the
universe around us.
Belief in Allah and in his perfect might and power demands the belief in
His predestination and His decree, His wisdom and His will.
If, after becoming a muslim, all you know how to do is
wudu (the ablution before salah), you do wudu 5 times a day and take the
time out to study the prayer briefly or to do what part of it you DO know how to
do. If you don't know how to do wudu, then you do what you remember of it
(starting with saying "bis mih Allah" [in the name of Allah] and washing
your hands 3 times). You should also study how to do the entire salah regularly
at a time separate than the time for salah, until you learn it.
So, regarding the 2 rakat of salah prayer that is done right after saying
shahada, just like all the salahs, you cannot do it if you do not know how, so
you just do that which you know. Allah swt knows your intentions,
and no-one expects you to know how to do a single rakat before you're a muslim
nor to suddenly realize how once you JUST became a muslim.
Learning these things and more, will come in time, insha'Allah; just make
it a priority to learn how to do salah. If your intentions are sincere, the
proof will be that you learn salah soon after becoming a muslim. A muslim
who abandons his/her salah abandons his religion and is in a state of disbelief
(kufr), i.e. is no longer a muslim. So do not abandon learning the salah.
But do not go to the other extreme and expect to learn everything overnight;
exercise patience while you are trying to learn and do not be timid in humbly
asking Muslims questions to achieve knowledge.
Expect to be corrected often by other Muslims, whether you've just become a
muslim or have been one for years. This is because of our love for one another
and our obedience to Allah swt, that we correct one another. We should remain
humble and accept correction such as by saying, "Alhamdulilah" ("All praise is
due to Allah alone") and/or "JazakAllah" ("May Allah reward you) to the muslim
correcting us. We should not correct others except when we are certain
that our correction is right, and we should do so with kindness and using the
speech of the Quran and Sunnah and not reformatted personal opinions.
The Qur'an is complete for our lives, providing a lifetime of learning and
growing as a person... growing in submission to our Lord.
Insha'Allah (Allah willing), you may be blessed to say your shahada
in the presence of another muslim, who can lead you in your first salah. If not,
do not worry... you're only held accountable for that which you know and for
seeking out that which you don't know yet are able to seek. For instance, a
"mentally challenged" person is not held accountable to Allah swt for that which
they cannot comprehend! Likewise with a baby.
It is important not to delay to become a muslim once you understand the
shahada and agree with it -- because you ARE held accountable for that which you
do know! Act upon what you understand and trust Allah swt to guide you,
protect you, and aid you in embracing the most beautiful way of life, the way
that leads to peace... Islam.
said:
Islam is based on the following five (principles):